Here comes some short explanations:
🔌 Vehicle-to-Load (V2L)
- What: The car works as a large portable power bank. You can plug in appliances via a 230V outlet or adapter.
- Examples of use: Charging a laptop, running a coffee machine, power tools, camping gear, or even emergency powering of a fridge.
- Cars with support: Kia EV6, Hyundai Ioniq 5/6, BYD Atto 3, some VW models, etc.
🏠 Vehicle-to-Home (V2H)
- What: The car powers a household via an inverter/home charger.
- Use cases:
- Backup during power outages.
- Reduce energy costs by charging the car when electricity is cheap and feeding the home when prices are high.
- Requires: A bidirectional home charger (e.g., Wallbox Quasar, Nuvve, etc.).
⚡️ Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)
- What: The car can feed electricity back into the grid.
- Use cases:
- Support the grid during peak demand.
- Provide frequency regulation services.
- Potential income for the car owner (“get paid while parked”).
- Requires: Agreement with the utility provider + special charging infrastructure.
👫 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V)
- What: One EV can charge another EV.
- Use case: Helping another driver with a nearly empty battery.
- Often enabled by: Cars with V2L and an adapter.
🚦 Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)
- Umbrella term covering all of the above – also includes future integration with smart cities, the energy grid, and IoT.