🔋 Core Units & Measurements
- Battery capacity → measured in kWh (kilowatt-hours)
- Example: Tesla Model Y Long Range ~75 kWh.
- Think of it like the “fuel tank size.”
- Charging power (AC/DC) → measured in kW (kilowatts)
- AC home charger: 11 kW (typical 3-phase in Europe).
- DC fast charger: 150–350 kW.
- Charging speed → often expressed as km (or miles) per hour of charging or 10–80% charge time.
- Consumption / Efficiency → measured in:
- Wh/km (Europe, e.g. 160 Wh/km)
- kWh/100 km (Europe, e.g. 16 kWh/100 km)
- mi/kWh (US, e.g. 4.0 mi/kWh).
- Range → usually given in km or miles (WLTP/EPA rated).
⚡ Charging Units
- Voltage (V): 400 V or 800 V system → affects charging speed.
- Amperage (A): Current flow; kW = V × A / 1000.
- State of Charge (SoC): % of battery filled (like fuel gauge).
🏷️ Common EV Short Terms
- SOC → State of Charge (% battery filled).
- WLTP → Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (European standard test cycle for range).
- EPA range → US Environmental Protection Agency test cycle (often shorter/more realistic than WLTP).
- AC charging → Slower charging (home/workplace, 1- or 3-phase).
- DC charging → Fast charging at public stations.
- V2X → Vehicle-to-Everything (V2G = Vehicle-to-Grid, V2H = Vehicle-to-Home, V2L = Vehicle-to-Load).
- CCS → Combined Charging System (standard connector in EU/US).
- CHAdeMO → Older Japanese DC fast-charging standard.
- kWh/100 km → Efficiency measure in Europe.
- Wh/km → Direct consumption figure (often used in engineering contexts).
- PHEV → Plug-in Hybrid EV.
- BEV → Battery Electric Vehicle (fully electric).
- HEV → Hybrid Electric Vehicle (not plug-in).
- regen → Regenerative braking (recovers energy when slowing down).
🚗 Example Put Together
👉 Tesla Model Y Long Range
- Battery: ~75 kWh
- Consumption: ~16 kWh/100 km (WLTP)
- Range: ~533 km WLTP / ~330 mi EPA
- Charging:
- AC: 11 kW (0–100% overnight at home)
- DC: up to 250 kW (10–80% in ~25 min)
- SOC: 20–80% recommended for daily use.
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